HorthooZ – Kerala GK, PSC Questions & Onam Quiz

Q1 Multiple Choice Question

Which muscular valve controls and regulates the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?

A Anal sphincter B Gastro-oesophageal sphincter C Sphincter of Oddi D Pyloric sphincter

Q2 Multiple Choice Question

Which of the following correctly distinguishes gastric rugae from intestinal plicae circulares (valves of Kerckring)?

A Gastric rugae are longitudinal folds that flatten as the stomach fills, whereas plicae circulares are permanent circular folds that do not disappear when distended B Gastric rugae are permanent circular folds, whereas plicae circulares disappear upon distension C Both rugae and plicae circulares are found exclusively in the colon D Plicae circulares contain no villi or microvilli

Q3 Multiple Choice Question

The vermiform appendix, a vestigial organ in humans, originates from which part of the large intestine?

A Rectum B Ileum C Colon D Caecum

Q4 Multiple Choice Question

What is the correct sequential order of the three anatomical regions of the human small intestine from stomach onwards?

A Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum B Jejunum → Duodenum → Ileum C Duodenum → Ileum → Jejunum D Ileum → Jejunum → Duodenum

Q5 Multiple Choice Question

Mumps is an acute viral infectious disease primarily characterized by painful swelling of which salivary gland?

A Infraorbital gland B Sublingual gland C Submandibular gland D Parotid gland (കർണ്ണമൂല ഗ്രന്ഥി)

Q6 Multiple Choice Question

What is the average volume and pH of saliva secreted daily by a healthy adult human?

A 0.5 litres; neutral (pH ~7.0) B 1.0 to 1.5 litres; slightly acidic (pH ~6.8) C 2.5 to 3.0 litres; strongly alkaline (pH ~8.5) D 0.2 to 0.4 litres; highly acidic (pH ~2.0)

Q7 Multiple Choice Question

Which enzyme present in the intestinal juice (succus entericus) hydrolyzes milk sugar lactose into glucose and galactose?

A Lactase B Amylase C Sucrase (Invertase) D Maltase

Q8 Multiple Choice Question

Which of the following statements regarding lipid digestion and transport is INCORRECT?

A Bile salts and phospholipids disperse dietary fats into water-soluble micelles for mucosal uptake B Chylomicrons exit the mucosal cells via exocytosis and enter lacteals C Fatty acids and monoglycerides enter the enterocyte directly packaged as chylomicrons from the intestinal lumen D Inside the enterocytes, fatty acids and glycerol are re-synthesized into triglycerides

Q9 Multiple Choice Question

Peyer's patches, which are aggregated lymphatic follicles serving immune defense against enteric pathogens, are predominantly found in the submucosa of the:

A Ileum B Stomach C Oesophagus D Duodenum

Q10 Multiple Choice Question

Which specific cell groups in the pancreas secrete the blood glucose-regulating hormones insulin and glucagon?

A Islets of Langerhans B Acinar cells C Crypts of Lieberkuhn D Peyer's patches

Q11 Multiple Choice Question

The stomach is divided into four major anatomical regions. Which part connects directly to the duodenum?

A Cardiac region B Pylorus (Pyloric region) C Corpus (Body) D Fundus

Q12 Multiple Choice Question

Specialized phagocytic macrophages located inside the sinusoidal capillaries of the liver that destroy worn-out blood cells and bacteria are:

A Hepatocytes B Parietal cells C Kupffer cells D Acinar cells

Q13 Multiple Choice Question

Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) is released by the enteroendocrine I-cells of the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of:

A Fatty acids and amino acids in the duodenal chyme B Pure monosaccharides in the oral cavity C Acidic pH below 3.0 alone D Hypotonic water solution in the stomach

Q14 Multiple Choice Question

Which part of the human large intestine is divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments?

A Caecum B Rectum C Duodenum D Colon

Q15 Multiple Choice Question

The complete digestion and absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in which part of the human alimentary canal?

A Large intestine B Stomach C Mouth D Small intestine

Q16 Multiple Choice Question

The inner mucosal lining of the stomach is shielded from the corrosive action of concentrated hydrochloric acid primarily by:

A Bile juice B Pepsinogen C Mucus and Bicarbonates D Gastric amylase

Q17 Multiple Choice Question

The complete digestive secretion produced by the intestinal mucosal glands (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) is scientifically called:

A Chyme B Bile C Succus entericus (Intestinal juice) D Chyle

Q18 Multiple Choice Question

What is the primary physiological function of the human large intestine?

A Secretion of bile salts B Complete chemical digestion of proteins C Absorption of water and certain minerals, and feces formation D Digestion of carbohydrates by salivary amylase

Q19 Multiple Choice Question

Consider the following statements regarding gastrointestinal hormones:
1. Gastrin stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen from gastric glands.
2. Secretin stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions from the exocrine pancreas.
3. Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile juice.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

Q20 Multiple Choice Question

The outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the human colon is gathered into three distinct longitudinal bands called:

A Rugae B Taeniae coli C Epiploic appendages D Haustra

Digestive System