HorthooZ – Kerala GK, PSC Questions & Onam Quiz

Q1 Multiple Choice Question

Most peptide and catecholamine hormone receptors belong to the G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which anatomically features:

A A single transmembrane helix with direct tyrosine kinase enzyme activity B Twelve cytoplasmic beta-sheets lacking any extracellular domain C A single polypeptide chain that traverses the lipid bilayer seven times (7-transmembrane alpha-helices) D Four identical beta-barrel channels forming a water pore

Q2 Multiple Choice Question

Which autoimmune disorder, also described as 'suicide of the thyroid', involves autoantibodies destroying thyroid follicular architecture, resulting in chronic hypothyroidism?

A Hashimoto's Thyroiditis B Addison's disease C Cushing's syndrome D Grave's disease

Q3 Multiple Choice Question

Which hormone secreted by the placenta and ovary relaxes the pelvic ligaments and softens the pubic symphysis to widen the birth canal during late pregnancy?

A Progesterone B Prolactin C Relaxin D Oxytocin

Q4 Multiple Choice Question

In Grave's disease, the characteristic abnormal forward bulging or protrusion of the eyeballs is medically designated as:

A Presbyopia B Exophthalmos (Proptosis) C Nystagmus D Strabismus

Q5 Multiple Choice Question

Cushing's syndrome, clinically characterized by a round 'Moon Face', 'Buffalo Hump', high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity, is caused by hypersecretion of which hormone?

A Thyroxine B Cortisol (Glucocorticoids from Adrenal Cortex) C Aldosterone D Insulin

Q6 Multiple Choice Question

Which butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea in the neck is the largest purely endocrine gland in the human body?

A Thymus gland B Thyroid gland C Pancreas D Pituitary gland

Q7 Multiple Choice Question

Which is the key clinical distinction between Pituitary Dwarfism and Thyroid Dwarfism (Cretinism)?

A Pituitary dwarfs have severe mental retardation; Cretins possess genius-level intelligence B Pituitary dwarfism occurs only in adults; Cretinism occurs only in old age C Both conditions are identical and caused by parathyroid failure D Pituitary dwarfs have proportionate physical growth with normal intelligence; Cretins suffer severe mental retardation and disproportionate stunted growth

Q8 Multiple Choice Question

Chemical signaling substances secreted externally by animals into the environment to communicate with and alter the behavior or physiology of other members of the same species are called:

A Endocrine hormones B Neurotransmitters C Enzymes D Pheromones (Ectohormones)

Q9 Multiple Choice Question

In diagnostic adult brain radiology, which calcium and magnesium phosphate crystalline deposits inside the Pineal Gland serve as useful anatomical radiological landmarks on X-rays?

A Lewy bodies B Brain Sand (Corpora arenacea / Acervuli) C Otolith stones D Nissl granules

Q10 Multiple Choice Question

Estrogen, the primary female steroid sex hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics, is predominantly synthesized and secreted by which ovarian structures?

A Corpus albicans B Corpus luteum exclusively C Growing ovarian follicles (Theca interna and Granulosa cells) D Stroma cells exclusively

Q11 Multiple Choice Question

In adults, chronic severe deficiency of thyroid hormones causes puffiness of face, low basal metabolic rate (BMR), weight gain, and lethargy, clinically diagnosed as:

A Cretinism B Acromegaly C Myxedema (Gull's Disease) D Diabetes Insipidus

Q12 Multiple Choice Question

Which endocrine gland, situated in a bony cavity called the Sella Turcica at the base of the brain, is popularly known as the 'Master Gland' of the human body?

A Pineal gland B Thyroid gland C Pituitary gland (Hypophysis) D Adrenal gland

Q13 Multiple Choice Question

Addison's disease, marked by severe fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, and bronze pigmentation of the skin, results from hyposecretion of hormones from the:

A Islets of Langerhans B Anterior pituitary gland C Adrenal cortex (deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) D Thyroid gland

Q14 Multiple Choice Question

What is the correct sequential order of the biochemical steps involved in Thyroid Hormone synthesis within follicular cells and colloid?

A Cleavage of Thyroglobulin → Iodide Trapping → Oxidation → Coupling B Coupling of MIT/DIT → Iodide Trapping → Oxidation → Endocytosis C Iodide Trapping (NIS) → Oxidation of Iodide (TPO) → Organification of Tyrosine → Coupling of Iodotyrosines (MIT + DIT) → Endocytosis & Cleavage D Organification → Iodide Trapping → Coupling → Oxidation → Cleavage

Q15 Multiple Choice Question

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels (hypercalcemic hormone) by promoting bone resorption, acting antagonistically to Calcitonin?

A Oxytocin B Parathyroid Hormone (PTH / Parathormone) C Prolactin D Thyroxine

Q16 Multiple Choice Question

Which endocrine gland, situated behind the sternum, is large in infants but progressively atrophies with age, secreting Thymosin for T-lymphocyte maturation?

A Thyroid gland B Pineal gland C Thymus gland (Throne of Immunity) D Adrenal gland

Q17 Multiple Choice Question

Which peptide hormone, secreted by Sertoli cells in the male testes and Granulosa cells in the female ovaries, provides negative feedback to suppress pituitary FSH secretion?

A Inhibin B Activin C Testosterone D Relaxin

Q18 Multiple Choice Question

Although predominantly a muscular circulatory pump, the human heart functions as an endocrine gland by secreting ANP from its atrial walls to:

A Stimulate the bone marrow to produce platelets B Raise blood pressure by constricting coronary arteries C Increase thyroid hormone output D Lower elevated blood pressure by promoting renal excretion of Sodium and Water (vasodilation)

Q19 Multiple Choice Question

Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin) in adults after the fusion of epiphyseal growth plates results in disfigurement of facial and extremity bones known as:

A Acromegaly B Cushing's syndrome C Gigantism D Dwarfism

Q20 Multiple Choice Question

Testosterone, the principal male androgen responsible for secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis, is synthesized by which cells of the testes?

A Follicular cells B Spermatogonia C Leydig cells (Interstitial cells) D Sertoli cells

Endocrine System & Hormones