HorthooZ – Kerala GK, PSC Questions & Onam Quiz

Q1 Multiple Choice Question

Dietary deficiency of Iron leads to Nutritional Anemia characterized cytologically by which morphological type of red blood cells?

A Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells (small and pale RBCs) B Sickle-shaped fragile erythrocytes C Macrocytic megaloblastic red blood cells (abnormally large RBCs) D Spherical fragile red blood cells (Spherocytes)

Q2 Multiple Choice Question

In terms of dietary protein quality, cereal grains (like rice and wheat) are typically deficient in which essential amino acid, which is richly supplied by pulses (legumes)?

A Lysine B Tryptophan C Methionine D Valine

Q3 Multiple Choice Question

Inulin, a reserve polysaccharide extracted from the roots of Dahlia plants and clinically utilized to determine kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is a polymer of:

A Galactose B Fructose C Mannose D Glucose

Q4 Multiple Choice Question

In biochemical analytical chemistry, free alpha-amino acids react with Ninhydrin upon heating to produce a characteristic deep purple-blue chromophore known as:

A Ruhemann's purple B Biuret violet C Prussian blue D Fehling's red

Q5 Multiple Choice Question

Which essential trace mineral functions as a vital component of the antioxidant enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase, whose dietary deficiency classically causes Keshan Disease (congestive cardiomyopathy)?

A Molybdenum B Selenium (Se) C Zinc D Chromium

Q6 Multiple Choice Question

Which class of macronutrients provides the highest physiological energy value per gram upon complete biological oxidation in the human body?

A Dietary minerals (0 kcal/g) B Proteins (~4 kcal/g) C Carbohydrates (~4 kcal/g) D Fats / Lipids (~9 kcal/g)

Q7 Multiple Choice Question

The minimum baseline caloric energy expended by the human body to sustain vital vegetative functions (heartbeat, respiration, ion transport) at complete physical and mental rest in a post-absorptive state is called:

A Respiratory Quotient B Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) C Total Daily Energy Expenditure D Specific Dynamic Action

Q8 Multiple Choice Question

Which standard biochemical laboratory test uses alkaline copper sulfate to detect the presence of peptide bonds in proteins, producing a characteristic violet/purple color?

A Benedict's test B Iodine test C Sudan III test D Biuret test

Q9 Multiple Choice Question

Which divalent mineral element acts as an indispensable cofactor for virtually all enzymes that utilize or synthesize ATP in human cellular metabolism, and also forms the central atom of plant chlorophyll?

A Sodium B Calcium C Magnesium (Mg2+) D Manganese

Q10 Multiple Choice Question

Which essential trace mineral serves as a cofactor for Carbonic Anhydrase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, and DNA polymerase, and whose severe deficiency impairs wound healing and immune response?

A Magnesium (Mg) B Manganese (Mn) C Zinc (Zn) D Cobalt (Co)

Q11 Multiple Choice Question

Dietary fiber (Roughage), composed largely of plant cellulose that humans cannot enzymatically digest, plays an essential physiological role in:

A Directly synthesizing hemoglobin molecules B Adding bulk to stool, stimulating peristalsis, and preventing constipation C Killing all intestinal bacterial flora D Providing 9 kcal of metabolic energy per gram

Q12 Multiple Choice Question

Hereditary Hemochromatosis ('Bronze Diabetes') is a genetic disorder of iron metabolism characterized pathologically by:

A Loss of iron through urine due to glomerular destruction B Premature destruction of iron by splenic macrophages C Complete inability of bone marrow to utilize iron D Excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron depositing in organs (Hemosiderosis)

Q13 Multiple Choice Question

Which nutritional deficiency disease in infants under one year of age is caused by simultaneous severe deficiency of BOTH proteins and total food calories, characterized by extreme emaciation without edema?

A Beri-beri B Pellagra C Marasmus D Kwashiorkor

Q14 Multiple Choice Question

Along with calcium, which mineral element constitutes the primary inorganic structural component of human bones and teeth, while also forming the structural backbone of DNA, RNA, and ATP?

A Potassium B Sodium C Sulfur D Phosphorus (Phosphate)

Q15 Multiple Choice Question

Which polyunsaturated fatty acids cannot be synthesized de novo by the human body and must be acquired through diet, serving as precursors for prostaglandins?

A Myristic acid and Lauric acid B Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid (Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids) C Palmitic acid and Stearic acid D Oleic acid and Butyric acid

Q16 Multiple Choice Question

Which of the following sets contains ONLY essential amino acids that adult humans cannot synthesize de novo and must obtain from diet?

A Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Proline, Alanine, Arginine B Alanine, Glycine, Serine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Proline C Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan D Tyrosine, Cysteine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Serine

Q17 Multiple Choice Question

Lactose, the characteristic disaccharide sugar present in mammalian milk, is composed of which two monosaccharide units linked together?

A Glucose and Glucose B Galactose and Fructose C Glucose and Fructose D Glucose and Galactose

Q18 Multiple Choice Question

Which trace mineral functions biologically as an active component of the 'Glucose Tolerance Factor' (GTF), potentiating the physiological action of insulin on target tissues?

A Copper B Selenium C Chromium (Cr3+) D Manganese

Q19 Multiple Choice Question

The extra energy expenditure above resting metabolic rate necessitated by the digestion, absorption, and assimilation of ingested food is called Specific Dynamic Action (SDA). Which nutrient has the highest SDA (~30%)?

A Proteins B Fats (~13%) C Dietary fiber (0%) D Carbohydrates (~5%)

Q20 Multiple Choice Question

Which common disaccharide, widely consumed as commercial table sugar or cane sugar, does NOT react with Benedict's or Fehling's solution because it is a non-reducing sugar?

A Sucrose (Cane sugar) B Glucose C Lactose D Maltose

Nutrients & Deficiency Diseases