HorthooZ – Kerala GK, PSC Questions & Onam Quiz

Q1 Multiple Choice Question

The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced maximal inspiration is called:

A Tidal Volume (TV) B Total Lung Capacity (TLC) C Residual Volume (RV) D Vital Capacity (VC)

Q2 Multiple Choice Question

In human blood, the largest fraction (roughly 70%) of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported in which chemical form?

A As Carbaminohemoglobin bound to RBCs (20-25%) B As dissolved gas in physical solution (7%) C As Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in plasma D As solid calcium carbonate

Q3 Multiple Choice Question

Why is the exogenous plant polysaccharide 'Inulin' considered the gold standard clinical substance for measuring the true Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

A It is freely filtered by the glomeruli and is neither reabsorbed nor secreted along the renal tubules B It is synthesized directly by juxtaglomerular cells inside the kidney C It is completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule via active cotransport D It irreversibly binds to plasma albumin preventing tubular filtration

Q4 Multiple Choice Question

In a nephron, the cup-shaped sac enclosing a capillary knot (glomerulus) where initial blood filtration occurs is called:

A Malpighian corpuscle alone B Collecting duct C Henle's loop D Bowman's capsule

Q5 Multiple Choice Question

Which of the following organisms can breathe through its moist, vascularized skin (Cutaneous Respiration) both on land and during hibernation in water?

A Frog (Amphibian) B Pigeon C Lizard D Rabbit

Q6 Multiple Choice Question

Which microscopic thin-walled air sacs serve as the primary structural and functional units for respiratory gas exchange in human lungs?

A Pleural cavities B Trachea C Bronchioles D Alveoli

Q7 Multiple Choice Question

Which live attenuated vaccine is administered to newborns to provide active immunity against pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)?

A MMR vaccine B OPV (Sabin vaccine) C BCG vaccine (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) D DPT vaccine

Q8 Multiple Choice Question

During hemodialysis, which anticoagulant is added to blood before entering the artificial dialyzer, and which substance neutralizes it before returning blood to the patient?

A Hirudin; neutralized by Calcium B EDTA; neutralized by Sodium C Heparin; neutralized by Protamine sulfate D Warfarin; neutralized by Vitamin K

Q9 Multiple Choice Question

The primary supraspinal coordinating center in the brainstem responsible for switching between urinary storage and voiding (micturition) is:

A Barrington's nucleus (Pontine Micturition Center in the Pons) B Red nucleus in the midbrain C Pneumotaxic center in the pons D Substantia nigra in the midbrain

Q10 Multiple Choice Question

Rhythmic involuntary control of normal breathing is generated in the dorsal respiratory group of the medulla oblongata, while smooth switching between inspiration and expiration is regulated by the:

A Pneumotaxic center located in the Pons varolii B Corpus callosum in the cerebrum C Arbor vitae of the cerebellum D Substantia nigra in the midbrain

Q11 Multiple Choice Question

The clinical accumulation of dangerous concentrations of urea and other toxic nitrogenous wastes in circulating blood due to kidney failure is termed:

A Anuria B Proteinuria C Hematuria D Uremia

Q12 Multiple Choice Question

Emphysema is a chronic, progressive respiratory disorder, commonly caused by cigarette smoking, characterized pathologically by:

A Spasm of the upper esophageal sphincter B Complete fluid accumulation inside the heart pericardium C Damage and breakdown of alveolar walls, reducing the respiratory surface area D Inability of vocal cords to produce acoustic vibrations

Q13 Multiple Choice Question

In routine clinical hospital practice, which endogenously produced muscle metabolic byproduct is commonly measured in blood and urine to evaluate kidney GFR function?

A Inulin B Bilirubin C Glucose D Creatinine

Q14 Multiple Choice Question

Birds possess the most efficient respiratory system among air-breathing vertebrates primarily because their lungs:

A Have complete absence of trachea and bronchial trees B Contain alveoli that expand over ten times larger than human alveoli C Utilize gills and lungs simultaneously during high-altitude flight D Are connected to extensive non-vascular air sacs that maintain a continuous, unidirectional airflow through parabronchi

Q15 Multiple Choice Question

The persistent detection of albumin protein in urine (Albuminuria) indicates damage to which delicate barrier in the kidney?

A Glomerular filtration membrane B Ureteric muscularis C Urinary bladder submucosa D Collecting duct lumen

Q16 Multiple Choice Question

The volume of air that remains inside the human lungs after a normal, restful tidal expiration is known as:

A Inspiratory Capacity (IC) B Vital Capacity (VC) C Functional Residual Capacity (FRC = ERV + RV) D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Q17 Multiple Choice Question

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the respiratory system commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, pathologically characterized by:

A Alveoli becoming inflamed and filled with fluid and dead cells B Rupture of the pleural membrane only C Permanent constriction of the pulmonary artery D Complete destruction of the vocal cords in the larynx

Q18 Multiple Choice Question

Which leaf-shaped elastic cartilaginous flap folds over the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the windpipe?

A Epiglottis B Thyroid cartilage C Cricoid cartilage D Uvula

Q19 Multiple Choice Question

During CO2 transport at tissue systemic capillaries, bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) diffuse out of erythrocytes into plasma. Electrical neutrality is instantaneously preserved by:

A Potassium ions (K+) leaking outward through specialized channels B Chloride ions (Cl-) diffusing inward from plasma into erythrocytes (Chloride Shift / Hamburger Phenomenon) C Sodium ions (Na+) actively pumped out of erythrocytes D Hydrogen ions (H+) leaving erythrocytes into plasma

Q20 Multiple Choice Question

In which part of the renal tubule is 100% of filtered glucose and amino acids actively reabsorbed back into the blood?

A Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) B Collecting Duct C Loop of Henle D Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Respiratory & Excretory Systems